Sperm retrieval by microdissection testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in nonobstructive azoospermic patients with Klinefelter syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome is the most frequent chromosomal abnormality in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. The development of advanced assisted reproductive techniques, such as testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, has provided the possibility of biological fathering in nonobstructive azoospermic patients with Klinefelter syndrome. We aimed to evaluate our sperm retrieval rate by microdissection testicular sperm extraction and to analyse the intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in these patients. Medical records of 110 nonobstructive azoospermic patients with Klinefelter syndrome were retrospectively reviewed. We found that the sperm retrieval rate by microdissection testicular sperm extraction is lower than published reports on other types of secretory azoospermia. The statistical analyses yielded that age, FSH and testosterone levels as predictive factors for successful sperm retrieval.