Diabatic constrained relativistic mean field approach

A diabatic (configuration-fixed) constrained approach to calculate the potential energy surface (PES) of the nucleus is developed in the relativistic mean field model. {As an example}, the potential energy surfaces of $^{208}$Pb obtained from both adiabatic and diabatic constrained approaches are investigated and compared. {It is shown that} the diabatic constrained approach enables one to decompose the segmented PES obtained in usual adiabatic approaches into separate parts uniquely characterized by different configurations, {to follow the evolution of single-particle orbits till very deformed region}, and to obtain several well defined deformed excited states which can hardly be expected from the adiabatic PES's.