Method for Estimating Outflow from the Bottom of Snowpack

In order to evaluate the risk of slope disasters caused by melt water in the early spring, it is important to estimate the amount of melt water outflow from the bottom of snowpack on slopes. A model has been developed that enables estimation of the outflow from the bottom of snowpack on slopes using only four meteorological elements. This model estimates the outflow taking into account the effect of the aspect and inclination of a slope. A comparison of observed and estimated values confirmed that the outflow estimations correlated well with observed values.