2018OpticaOpen access

Tabletop nonlinear optics in the 100-eV spectral region

Boris Bergues, Daniel E. Rivas, M. Weidman, Alexander A. Muschet, Wolfram Helml, Alexander Guggenmos, Vladimir Pervak, U. Kleineberg, G. Marcus, Reinhard Kienberger, Dimitrios Charalambidis, P. Tzallas, Henning Schröder, Ferenc Krausz, L. Veisz

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Abstract

Nonlinear light-matter interactions in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) are a prerequisite to perform XUV-pump/XUVprobe spectroscopy of core electrons.Such interactions are now routinely investigated at free-electron laser (FEL) facilities.Yet, electron dynamics are often too fast to be captured with the femtosecond resolution of state-of-theart FELs.Attosecond pulses from laser-driven XUV-sources offer the necessary temporal resolution.However, intense attosecond pulses supporting nonlinear processes have only been available for photon energy below 50 eV, precluding XUV-pump/XUV-probe investigation of typical inner-shell processes.Here, we surpass this limitation by demonstrating two-photon absorption from inner electronic shells of xenon at photon energies around 93 eV and 115 eV.This advance opens the door for attosecond real-time observation of nonlinear electron dynamics deep inside atoms.

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What this paper is about

Nonlinear light-matter interactions in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) are a prerequisite to perform XUV-pump/XUVprobe spectroscopy of core electrons.Such interactions are now routinely investigated at free-electron laser (FEL) facilities.Yet, electron dynamics are often too fast to be captured with the femtosecond resolution of state-of-theart FELs.Attosecond pulses from laser-driven XUV-sources offer the necessary temporal resolution.However, intense attosecond pulses supporting nonlinear processes have only been available for photon energy below 50 eV, precluding XUV-pump/XUV-probe investigation of typical inner-shell processes.Here, we surpass this limitation by demonstrating two-photon absorption from inner electronic shells of xenon at photon energies around 93 eV and 115 eV.This advance opens the door for attosecond real-time observation of nonlinear electron dynamics deep inside atoms.

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Available abstract

Nonlinear light-matter interactions in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) are a prerequisite to perform XUV-pump/XUVprobe spectroscopy of core electrons.Such interactions are now routinely investigated at free-electron laser (FEL) facilities.Yet, electron dynamics are often too fast to be captured with the femtosecond resolution of state-of-theart FELs.Attosecond pulses from laser-driven XUV-sources offer the necessary temporal resolution.However, intense attosecond pulses supporting nonlinear processes have only been available for photon energy below 50 eV, precluding XUV-pump/XUV-probe investigation of typical inner-shell processes.Here, we surpass this limitation by demonstrating two-photon absorption from inner electronic shells of xenon at photon energies around 93 eV and 115 eV.This advance opens the door for attosecond real-time observation of nonlinear electron dynamics deep inside atoms.

Key concepts: Attosecond, Extreme ultraviolet, Physics, Femtosecond, Laser, Photon, Electron, Spectroscopy

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