The Periodontal Ligament: Development, Anatomy and Function

This paper will explore the origin and development of the periodontal ligament (PDL), its anatomical structure and function. The developmental process and anatomy of the ligament is quite complex and some aspects are still unknown, which will be mentioned, for example the way that ligament lineages develop and are regulated have yet to be clarified. The ground substance will be discussed, as well as the vascular and neural supply, the fibres present, their orientation and the various cell types present in the ligament. The recent advances in PDL stem cell research will also be discussed, which is rapidly growing and can have a huge impact from harnessing these cells to utilise in an array of medical uses. The ligament has several essential functions, which can be highlighted by any deviations from the healthy norm. This can result in retardation of the ligament structure and functional capability. For instance, trauma can result in dental ankylosis, which may disrupt the vital eruptive function of the ligament.