Танатологічна проблема в історії філософії(Tanatological problem in the history of philosophy)

У статті проаналізовано феномен смерті як велику таємницю. Автор зазначає, що танатологічна проблематика належить до традиційних проблем філософського дискурсу та визначає статус самої філософії. Феномен смерті піддається аналізу як одна із ключових проблем у дослідженнях філософської антропології. Смерть виступає визначним чинником антропологічної проблеми. Говорячи про трагедію смерті, філософи торкаються вічного питання про сенс життя. (The phenomenon of death is a great mystery. Tanatological issues relates to traditional problems of philosophical discourse. Death is a prominent factor of anthropological problem. Speaking about the tragedy of death, philosophers affect the eternal questions about the life meaning. The author notes that the study of perception and awareness of death can help people learn behavioral features, reveal people worldview and values. Current time requires rethinking, systematization and a new interpretation in accordance with the actual conditions of all the richness of spiritual culture of mankind, which was created to counter death. Anxiety in society especially acutely raises because of unmotivated aggression and necrophilia, mass suicide among young people, terrorism and admiration of death. The study of the phenomenon of death is conducted on two levels: cultural and philosophical. In classical and non-classical philosophy is highlighted the main conceptualization approaches of death: the rational, dialectical, existential, psychoanalytical, deconstructivist, postmodern. In industrial society, death is no more cultivated, there is no «a celebration of death», the symbol of death does not prevail in social ritual celebration. The concept of human death accompanied by melancholy, as uncertainty, loneliness. The suffering is displaced from life. The desire to die easily, accompanies with the desire to die beautiful and comfortable, like a away to another world. In the XXI century it is not interesting to die old, death, accidental death, intriguing violent death. Terrorist attacks generate ritual of mass sacrifice. People desperately need help to get out of stress. Therefore, there is a need for new rituals that have become tools of psychotherapy for all people.)