Evaluation of Security Mechanisms for an Integrated Automotive System Architecture

Prior research on security mechanisms for the connected vehicle focuses on the current heterogeneous distributed embedded electronic architecture (EEA). However, due to increased demands on data-processing and bandwidth from future functionality, such as automated driving and sophisticated infotainment systems, vehicle manufacturers are now moving towards centralisation of functionality in one or more integrated electronic control units (ECUs). In this thesis, we identify security issues related to centralization of functionality in the automotive domain, and investigate mechanisms which mitigate these issues. Further, we investigate the support, both in hardware and software, for these mechanisms in the current and future automotive embedded systems. To identify security issues related to the integrated EEA and to identify mechanisms which mitigate these issues, a literature review of other domains was performed. The AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture (AUTOSAR) development partnership has specified a software architecture with the aim of standardizing software development in the automotive industry. We have investigate whether the identified mechanisms are specified in the AUTOSAR framework by interviewing AUTOSAR specialists. Some form of hardware feature is typically needed to be able to use the mechanisms. Therefore, hardware requirements for each mechanism were identified and used to evaluate the support present in ECU hardware. We have found that there was lacking support for most of the identified mechanisms, in both the present ECU hardware as well as in the current AUTOSAR platform. However, the hardware targeted to be used in future ECUs, along with the next-generation software standard Adaptive AUTOSAR, show support for all the presented mechanisms. This shows that the automotive industry have realized that cyber-security will be a major challenge in the development of future connected autonomous vehicles and that is aims to adopt a strong security posture.