Literature Review of Power System Blackouts

Blackouts in a power system can occur in several ways. How to prevent a blackout is an important issue in power systems. The reasons to cause blackouts can be the overloading of transmission lines, ice coating on lines, failure of protection or control systems, and others. Blackout can be prevented through appropriate control strategies in a system to prevent from an N-1 contingency, maintain load-generation balance, and cascade to more fault contingencies. This work reviews blackouts from different countries by considering their causes and solutions, as well as the discussion thoughts from many researchers. The survey can provide significant references to improve the grid protection strategies.