System of Rice Intensification: A Review on Resource Conserving Method of Rice Crop Establishment

Rice is commonly grown by transplanting one month-old seedlings into puddled and continuously flooded soil which leads to higher losses of water through puddling, surface evaporation and percolation. Excessive pumping of water for puddling causes problems of declining water table and poor quality water for irrigation. High water need, seed amount, labor costs and labor requirements for TPR have reduced profit margins. During the past years efforts have been tried to find out alternatives to the traditional method of rice cultivation. System of rice intensification a resource conservation method is found to be an efficient alternative to increase the rice production as it require less water, less seed, reducing cost of cultivation and saving labor over time.