Arthrocentesis and Joint Lavage in the Neonatal Foal

Purpose of arthrocentesis and joint lavage in the neonatal foal is to perform joint lavage after diagnosis of septic arthritis. Septic arthritis is associated with the development of periarticular edema and effusion of the affected joint. Septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, or physitis should be ruled out in any foal with joint effusion or lameness. Septic arthritis in foals should be considered an emergency. Prognosis depends on timely diagnosis through synovial fluid analysis and institution of a treatment plan consisting of administration of systemic and local broad-spectrum antimicrobials and joint lavage. Displacement of the needle during a joint lavage can result in periarticular fluid accumulation. For both arthrocentesis and joint lavage the foal should be placed in lateral recumbency. Arthrocentesis can be performed with the foal under heavy sedation and placed in lateral recumbency. For joint lavage, it is recommended that the foal is placed under short-term general anesthesia.