Optimal composition of concrete determined from tests by cif and cdf methods

Ability of concrete to resist physical actions due to freezing-thawing depends on it`s structure and can be determined on several ways. The most of research and test methods have emphasis on concrete surface degradation caused by freezing and thawing action, whereas increased attention to internal damage caused by freezing action arised only during past decade. Frost resistance of concrete depends on endurance of the surface and of the matrix inside material. Test results of concrete surface damages and of internal damages obtained by tests with and without addition of deicing salts are compared. By variation of water to cement ratio, air- entrainment admixture content and cement content, with use of aggregates of optimal granulometric composition, concrete composition which simultaneously shows resistivity on appearance of internal damages of concrete and on surface scalling of material.