Internal Heat Energy, Entropy and The Second Law: A New Approach to Theoretical Thermodynamics

We present a new state function, denotes the energy of thermal motion, it shows that the energy classification for the internal energy has been completed. In a new theoretical structure, we present the concept of the heat partial pressure, rewrite the equations of the first law, by which, the energy conversion and energy transport can be distinguished by an explicit way, we redefine the concept of the entropy, and confirm a conversion potential related to the dissipative compensation, we discuss in detail on the three sources of irreversibility, and the conversions between the calorimetric entropy and the configurational entropy, an interesting conclusion shows that the second law itself has contained the mechanism of evolution.