Safety Effects of Low-Cost Systemic Safety Improvements at Signalized and Stop-Controlled Intersections

Packages of intersection treatments—including signing, pavement marking, and signal enhancements—were installed at many signalized and stop-controlled intersections in South Carolina. This study evaluated the overall safety-effectiveness of the concurrent implementation of these systemic low-cost treatments as part of the FHWA Evaluations of Low Cost Safety Improvements Pooled Fund. The data set included both urban and rural three-leg and four-leg intersections with two or four lanes on the major road. The study employed an empirical Bayes before-and-after analysis. The aggregate results indicate reductions for all crash types analyzed in this study. For signalized intersections, the crash modification factors (CMFs) are 0.955, 0.893, 0.974, 0.883, and 0.969 for total, fatal and injury, rear-end, right-angle, and nighttime crashes, respectively. The CMFs for fatal and injury and right-angle crashes are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level and the CMF for total crashes is statistically significant at the 90% confidence level. For stop-controlled intersections, the CMFs are 0.917, 0.899, 0.933, 0.941, and 0.853 for total, fatal and injury, rear-end, right-angle, and nighttime crashes, respectively. All CMFs for stop-controlled intersections are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. An economic analysis shows that systemic, low-cost intersection treatments are cost-effective with conservative benefit–cost ratio estimates of 4.1 for total crashes at signalized intersections and 12.4 for total crashes at stop-controlled intersections.