Cognitive Radio: An efficient and effective solution for future spectrum implications

The paper presents an exhaustive visualization of different problems encountered in efficient utilization of spectrum for advanced wireless communication. It is a well known fact that there is a crisis for available radio spectrum due to incredible expansion and advancement of the communication systems and technologies. But in reality, there is no shortage of available spectrum but only lack of advance techniques for perfect utilization of spectrum. So, to tackle the future spectrum implications, the new emerging field of Cognitive Radio is explored here. Cognitive Radio has potential to revolutionize the way of spectrum allocation scheme worldwide because it can recognize spectrum condition and reconfigure itself to optimize its operation to compete with growing demands of the spectrum. In this paper, complete description and working operation of Cognitive Radio is presented. The paper provides special emphasis on various aspects of Cognitive Radio like different spectrum sensing methods and spectrum sharing schemes with the appropriate mathematical formulation. To facilitate implementation of this idea, new design requirement on antenna's features is thoroughly explained here.