Physical effects of massless cosmic strings

We study massless cosmic strings, which are one-dimensional objects moving with the speed of light. Perturbations of velocities of test bodies and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background generated by massless cosmic strings are analyzed. These phenomena are analogous to the string wake effect and the Kaiser-Stebbins effect for standard (massive) cosmic strings. There are two regimes depending on the energy $E$ of a massless string per unit length. At low energies, $EG/{c}^{4}\ensuremath{\ll}1$, massless and massive strings act similarly. At high energies, $EG/{c}^{4}\ensuremath{\sim}1$, massless string effects are quite different. Our work provides a method to describe different physical phenomena on spacetimes of massless strings which take into account the presence of a parabolic holonomy.