1994•PubMedRequires access
Beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker toxicity.
William P. Kerns II, Jeffrey Allen Kline, Marsha D. Ford
Open publisher page 70 citations
Abstract
Toxicity from beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker drugs is a challenging medical emergency with steadily increasing incidence. Clinical manifestations of intoxication with these drugs are presented in light of known pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties, as well as the physiology of the beta-adrenoreceptor and calcium channel. Review of clinical and basic science literature provides the basis for specific management guidelines for beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker toxicity.