Influence of process parameters on anaerobic biodegradation of DDT in contaminated soil preliminary lab-scale study. Part I. Surfactant and initial contamination level

Anaerobic biodegradation of DDT in field-polluted soil was investigated in relation to Tween 80 surfactant dose and initial pollution level.Experiments were carried out as lab-scale tests with flooded soil, inoculated with granular sludge.Higher surfactant doses decreased DDT residual concentration and also reduced DDD metabolite accumulation.However, doses higher than optimum caused DDD production to increase again.Results were also better for lower initial contamination levels -DDD accumulation was smaller whereas formation of terminal metabolite DBP was higher, indicating an enhancement of DDT transformation.Tests with pure compounds spiked in clean soil demonstrated that DDD is degraded slowly.Results point to three possible parallel pathways of anaerobic DDT transformation, not, as commonly reported, only one starting with dechlorination to DDD.