Clinical evaluation of acute kidney injury in Al-Zahraa University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a very common problem. Early detection of injury with initiation of appropriate supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence, etiology, prognosis, treatment, and outcome of AKI. This was a prospective, observational study of 212 patients (137 men and 75 women) who were admitted in all departments of Al-Zahraa University Hospital with AKI during the period from October 2014 to October 2015. Their ages ranged from 22 to 85 years. We included adults aged more than 18 years who presented with AKI, and we excluded patients on regular dialysis. Serum creatinine, sodium, potassium, urea, calcium, phosphorus and uric acid, complete blood count, pelviabdominal ultrasound, and daily measurement of urine output (UOP) were done. AKI patients were classified according to the RIFLE and Acute Kidney Injury Network staging. According to the RIFLE criteria, the number of risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage renal disease patients were 55 (25.9%), 62 (29.24%), 33 (15.56%), 38 (17.92%), and 24 (11.32%), respectively. According to the Acute Kidney Injury Network staging system, the number of stages I, II, and III patients were 61 (28.7%), 50 (23.5%), and 101 (47.6%), respectively. The length of hospital stay was significantly associated with severity of AKI. The main cause of AKI was dehydration in 82 (38.7%) patients and sepsis in 71 (33.5%). Oliguric patients were 147 (69.34%) and nonoliguric were 65 (30.66%). Moreover, prognosis of patients was complete recovery in 95 (44.81%), partial recovery in 81 (38.21%), and no recovery in 36 (16.98%). AKI was more common among patients in ICU than those in any other department. Dehydration and sepsis were its leading causes.