Exclusion, Inclusion, and Political Institutions

Abstract This article discusses political institutions and exclusion and inclusion. It reveals that institutions are excellent at inclusion but poor at exclusion. It examines the hypothesis of the counter-attack and studies current political science and the double problem of inclusion and exclusion. It shows how different institutions deal with inclusion/exclusion, and examines dominant and subordinate groups. The institution of federalism and the legislative institution are discussed as well. This article ends with a discussion of the premises about the process of inclusion and the problem of exclusion.