Inclusion and Mainstreaming: A Journey

For many, the concept of inclusion remains somewhat vague. What does inclusion actually mean? What does it look like? Is it the same as full inclusion or mainstreaming? A general historical synopsis of the development of special education services will be presented, focusing later on the models designed for second or foreign languages. This will be followed by a clarification of terms. The paper concludes with a short discussion of implications for educational practitioners and district policy makers in EFL/ESL settings. Finally, in addition to the list of references cited in the article, a list of other resources is included below for those interested in further investigation.