The New Algorithm For Calculation Of Median Lethal Dose (Ld50) And Effective Dose Fifty (Ed50) Of Micrarus Fulvius Venom And Anti‐Venom Using Mice

Background One million people throughout the world are bitten each year by poisonous snakes. Of this, one‐tenth died and three‐tenth suffer some forms of disabilities. In view of this, anti‐snake venoms are currently being developed against viper and colubrid snake venoms using mice. Therefore, a new algorithm for calculation of median lethal dose (LD50) and effective dose fifty (ED50) was developed for Micrarus fulvius venom and antivenom respectively. Methods Therefore, this paper compared the formula of Effective Dose Fifty (ED‐50) developed by Spearman and Karber with ideal median lethal dose (IMLD‐50) formula developed by Saganuwan with a view to bringing out their difference and similarity in calculation of ED‐50 that could be used to develop a new median lethal dose formula for calculation of Micrarus fulvius venom in mice. To achieve this, various reported antivenom concentrations (17.2, 8.6, 4.3, 21.5 and 5.3 milligram per 20‐gram body of mice) were used for calculation of LD50 and ED50 of the snake venom and antivenom respectively. Result The LD50 value of coral snake venom using the new formula was 0.29 mg/kg body weight of mice whereas the ED50 was 428.75 mg/kg body weight respectively. The findings revealed that ED50 value (477 mg/kg) from Spearman and Karber's formula (ED50 = (log f () ED)_50 = (log f () X)_100 ‐ log f () FD/n (·t ‐ n/2)) is comparatively similar with ideal median lethal dose value (428.75 mg/kg) from Saganuwan's formula (MLD50 + MSD50/2). The new LD50 formula (LD50 = ((ED)_50/3) × Wm × 10‐4) yielded value (0.29 mg/kg) of comparative significance with reported value (0.32 mg/kg). When ED50 is equal to 2LD50, the denominator of (ED)_50/3 becomes 2. Conclusion Ideal median lethal dose formula of Saganuwan can be used to calculate an effective dose of Micrarus fulvius anti‐snake venom whereas the new median lethal dose formula can be used to calculate a dose of the snake venom that can kill 50% of test mice. Support or Funding Information This study was funded using my monthly salaries