Correlation vs. Causality in Other-Triggered Tower Flashes
Marcos Rubinstein, Jacques Zuber, Alexander Smorgonskiy, Farhad Rachidi, Gerhard Diendorfer
Abstract
Marcos Rubinstein, Jacques Zuber, Alexander Smorgonskiy, Farhad Rachidi, Gerhard Diendorfer
Abstract
Upward lightning flashes from towers are sometimes preceded by other lightning activity in the vicinity of the tower. This observation has led to a classification of upward tower lightning into self-initiated, which are not preceded by nearby lightning activity, and other-triggered, for which one or more CG or IC flashes occur within a given preceding interval and within a given distance from the tower. The causality relation between other-triggered flashes and the preceding activity has not been established. In this paper, we hypothesize that at least some of the activity prior to other-triggered tower flashes can be explained as being due to chance rather than causality.
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Upward lightning flashes from towers are sometimes preceded by other lightning activity in the vicinity of the tower. This observation has led to a classification of upward tower lightning into self-initiated, which are not preceded by nearby lightning activity, and other-triggered, for which one or more CG or IC flashes occur within a given preceding interval and within a given distance from the tower. The causality relation between other-triggered flashes and the preceding activity has not been established. In this paper, we hypothesize that at least some of the activity prior to other-triggered tower flashes can be explained as being due to chance rather than causality.
Key concepts: Tower, Lightning (connector), Causality (physics), Meteorology, Interval (graph theory), Physics, Mathematics, Engineering