Quantum Cryptography: A Review

Background/Objectives: The preferment from conventional computing to quantum computing has created new ­challenges in the field of cryptography. The cryptographic algorithms which ensured intractability in conventional computing surfaces serious challenge in quantum computing. Methods/Statistical Analysis: By applying the quantum mechanics quantum cryptography can be used to unrestrictedly for reliable data communications. Findings: The cryptography currently in use, known as conventional cryptography, depends absolutely on the hardness of the mathematical concepts. Elliptical curve cryptography today known as modern cryptography is used extensively for securing financial transactions. Advances in quantum computing, can easily break this security by reverse computing keys faster than the conventional ­computers. Application/Improvements: This paper is an attempt to review fundamentals of quantum cryptography to as to ­represent it in easiest possible way for a novice demonstrating quantum onetime pad. Keywords: Conventional Cryptography, Density Matrix, Quantum Cryptography, Quantum One Time Pad