Normative ethic's and outer and inner behaviour nature influence of moral agent
Omid Ali Ghobadian, Morteza Zare Ganjaroodi, Esfahan Payam Noor
Abstract
Omid Ali Ghobadian, Morteza Zare Ganjaroodi, Esfahan Payam Noor
Abstract
Normative ethics one of the most important areas of research ethics, that examine ethical norms and standard of action and character. Normative ethics, is divided in to two major approaches: the action-based ethics and virtue-cantered ethics. advocate's that defenders of action-based ethics emphasis on it and build the moral right and wrong on it is just moral action agent is just action of moral agent. Against, defenders of virtue-centred ethics evaluate the moral right and wrong with the criteria of virtue and intentions of moral agent. It is clear that the adoption of any of the above positions, some changes will be applied in the moral agent's character and action, so that the action based ethics, influenced, outer behaviour and virtue-centered ethics, and the inner behavior of (character) the moral agents. KEYWORDS: Action-based ethics, Virtue-cantered Ethics, Behavior, Action, Virtue, End. 1. INTERDICTION Moral and ethical challenges of life has long history based on it developed history and origin of ethics can be attributed to the period before the divine prophets. This long history is because of human's essential needs to determine valuing to satisfy their own needs and their interaction with others; in a way that people lastly value everything has for benefit for them and benefit concept was overarched. However this procedure and valuing process had been performed but knowledge and scuffing that not been performed professionally in respect to the normalization; in other words, the ethics was not placed fundamentally belonging to recognition; we can attribute the origin of professional research process upon ethics to Socrates, Greek mythology and ethics founder; in fact, since Socrates, ethical issues were proceeded more than predecessors with research process and more accuracy. Because Socrates analysed ethical issues with his dialectical method, and in his issues referred to determination and ethical proof. This research process in which considers the bases of ethics has been known as moral philosophy. Based on this perspective, it can be said that moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that attention to fundamental moral issues; these fundamental issues are: How to value, criteria, the manners of ethical terms and etc. Nevertheless, in this field, we are faced with numerous and various issues in which each of these issues are followed related to its category. Different types of moral philosophy branches are: - Normative ethics - Meta-ethics - Applied ethics Since the central argument of this paper is a reflection of normative ethics, we ignore the description related to meta-ethics and applied ethics. Then, we will discuss in detail the scope of normative ethics and we will learn from the results and related critics. Also we will discuss the effort of normative ethics on the behaviour of moral subjects. 2. Normative ethics Normative ethics deals with criteria in which anyone can adapt the selected criteria with current condition with adherence to these criteria in various condition and attempts to drive its standard of right and wrong from subjectivity interpreted social behaviour. In fact, it can be said that normative ethics provides guiding and criteria for moral agent for valuing. Nevertheless, moral agent can distinguish good action from bad and virtue from vices with adherence to accepted criteria. So in general definition, normative ethics establishes some criteria for rightness and wrongness, good and evil, virtue and vice, task, rights and etc. (Olia, 2010)(1). In normative ethics we are faced with general category of actions in the extent that includes all human actions in different areas; however, it can be found that all applied ethics such as medical ethics, driving ethics, and sporting ethics need deterministic criteria in which present in the normative ethics.
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Normative ethics one of the most important areas of research ethics, that examine ethical norms and standard of action and character. Normative ethics, is divided in to two major approaches: the action-based ethics and virtue-cantered ethics. advocate's that defenders of action-based ethics emphasis on it and build the moral right and wrong on it is just moral action agent is just action of moral agent. Against, defenders of virtue-centred ethics evaluate the moral right and wrong with the criteria of virtue and intentions of moral agent. It is clear that the adoption of any of the above positions, some changes will be applied in the moral agent's character and action, so that the action based ethics, influenced, outer behaviour and virtue-centered ethics, and the inner behavior of (character) the moral agents. KEYWORDS: Action-based ethics, Virtue-cantered Ethics, Behavior, Action, Virtue, End. 1. INTERDICTION Moral and ethical challenges of life has long history based on it developed history and origin of ethics can be attributed to the period before the divine prophets. This long history is because of human's essential needs to determine valuing to satisfy their own needs and their interaction with others; in a way that people lastly value everything has for benefit for them and benefit concept was overarched. However this procedure and valuing process had been performed but knowledge and scuffing that not been performed professionally in respect to the normalization; in other words, the ethics was not placed fundamentally belonging to recognition; we can attribute the origin of professional research process upon ethics to Socrates, Greek mythology and ethics founder; in fact, since Socrates, ethical issues were proceeded more than predecessors with research process and more accuracy. Because Socrates analysed ethical issues with his dialectical method, and in his issues referred to determination and ethical proof. This research process in which considers the bases of ethics has been known as moral philosophy. Based on this perspective, it can be said that moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that attention to fundamental moral issues; these fundamental issues are: How to value, criteria, the manners of ethical terms and etc. Nevertheless, in this field, we are faced with numerous and various issues in which each of these issues are followed related to its category. Different types of moral philosophy branches are: - Normative ethics - Meta-ethics - Applied ethics Since the central argument of this paper is a reflection of normative ethics, we ignore the description related to meta-ethics and applied ethics. Then, we will discuss in detail the scope of normative ethics and we will learn from the results and related critics. Also we will discuss the effort of normative ethics on the behaviour of moral subjects. 2. Normative ethics Normative ethics deals with criteria in which anyone can adapt the selected criteria with current condition with adherence to these criteria in various condition and attempts to drive its standard of right and wrong from subjectivity interpreted social behaviour. In fact, it can be said that normative ethics provides guiding and criteria for moral agent for valuing. Nevertheless, moral agent can distinguish good action from bad and virtue from vices with adherence to accepted criteria. So in general definition, normative ethics establishes some criteria for rightness and wrongness, good and evil, virtue and vice, task, rights and etc. (Olia, 2010)(1). In normative ethics we are faced with general category of actions in the extent that includes all human actions in different areas; however, it can be found that all applied ethics such as medical ethics, driving ethics, and sporting ethics need deterministic criteria in which present in the normative ethics.
Key concepts: Virtue ethics, Virtue, Normative ethics, Normative, Information ethics, Meta-ethics, Action (physics), Applied ethics