Artful places: creativity and colonialism in British Columbia's Indian residential schools

i Acknowledgements ii List of Tables, Figures, and Images vii Chapter 1: Thinking Matters Through 1 Chapter 2: “But Let Us Not Forget...” 6 Chapter 3: “Mutually and Inexorably Entwined Histories:” Voices and Deliberations of Colonial British Columbia 24 3.a From Different Places: The Written Histories that Produce British Columbia 26 3.b Places Apart and Separating Places: Considerations of British Columbia’s Eighteen Indian Residential Schools 43 3.c A Placed Summary: Locating New Methodologies and Possibilities for Expanding British Columbia’s Colonial Histories 53 Chapter 4: “The Indian in Transition, The Indian Today:” Shifts and Developments of Indian Schooling Policies in Canada 61 4.a. “Effectual Means of Ameliorating the Condition of the Indians:” The Bagot Commission and Early Indian Policies in Canada 67 4.b To “Have Them Constantly in Hand:” Acts that Governed Indians in Canada 73 4.c “Long Range Objectives:” Constructions of the Indian Into the 20 Century 89 Chapter 5: “If We Want the Future of the Tribe to Be Happy, We Must Save the Children:” Colonial Imaginings and Transformations in British Columbia’s Residential Schools 95 5.a “Responsibility for the Advantages Enjoyed and the Paramount Duty of Serving Others:” Alice Ravenhill and the Colonial Project in British Columbia 99 5.b Needing “No Apology:” Perspectives of Residential School Teachers and Administrators at The Kitimat Home for Girls 111