Cognitive, behavioural and psychosocial factors associated with successful and maintained quit smoking status among patients who received smoking cessation intervention with nurses’ counselling

AIM: To identify cognitive, behavioural and psychosocial factors associated with successful and maintained quit smoking status after patients received smoking cessation intervention with nurses' counselling. BACKGROUND: Although nurses' intervention for smoking cessation is effective for patients, few studies have been conducted to identify cognitive, behavioural and psychosocial factors associated with the success of quitting smoking. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study METHODS: In a multi-institutional study between October 2008 - October 2014, we administered the Japanese smoking cessation therapy, which consists of smoking cessation intervention five times with nurses' counselling over 12 weeks. Log-binomial regression analysis was performed in 1,320 participants using the following independent variables: age, gender, having a present illness, prescription, Fagerström test for nicotine dependence, strength of desire to quit, age at smoking initiation, previous abstinence, motivation of quit smoking, self-efficacy of quit smoking and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Factors associated with maintained cessation for 12 months were identified in the 541 abstainers at the end of the intervention. RESULTS: Having higher self-efficacy to quit smoking as assessed before the intervention was significantly associated with the success of quitting smoking at the end of the intervention. Strong desire to smoke as assessed at the end of the intervention was associated with significantly increased risk of discontinuing cessation during the 12 months after the end of the intervention. CONCLUSION: It is important for nurses who provide smoking cessation intervention to reinforce patients' self-efficacy and to control the strength of the patients' desire to smoke by behavioural counselling.