Operations in Somalia: Examples of the Need for Greater Flexibility and Lateral Outreach in Conducting Military/Civilian/Humanitarian Operations

Abstract : The U.S. military effort in Somalia from 1992 to 1994 provides a number of examples for study. These are drawn from UN civil/military coordination efforts, from the relations of U.S. forces with foreign forces, and from U.S. military relations with humanitarian relief organizations. Analysis of these examples provides arguments for greater emphasis on cooperation, lateral outreach and flexibility in achieving unity of effort and methods of command and control appropriate to the circumstances. Such emphasis will enable commanders to lead more effectively and, where the military are not the principle element, to participate in ways that better guarantee fulfillment of the mission.