Subsea Multiphase Flowmeter: Performance Tests in Multiphase Flow Loop

Abstract Performance of a new three-phase (3-P) flow measurement system is presented using multiphase flow loop data. The system consists of two currently available products: an optics-based flowmeter and a near-infrared (NIR) water-cut meter. The measurement capability and performance of a combined system comprising two robust and field-proven technologies under realistic flow conditions is demonstrated for the first time. The new 3-P flow measurement system represents a viable alternative for subsea multiphase flow measurement and can also be used on offshore platforms, onshore as well as downhole, in single-zone or multizone applications. The flowmeter system relies on three main measurements: bulk velocity and sound speed measured by the optics-based flowmeter, and water-cut measured by the water-cut meter. The velocity measurement is a robust measurement based on turbulent flow and is not affected by upstream flow conditions. The water-cut measurement is based on NIR absorption of water and oil molecules, and therefore, is immune to water salinity and the presence of gas (such as free gas, gas in solution, and oil foaming). Total flow rate is calculated using the bulk velocity measurement; liquid holdup and density of the mixture are obtained by introducing the mixture sound speed and the water-cut measurements into a flow model. The results of the multiphase flow loop test demonstrated that the new flow measurement system is capable of resolving total volumetric flow rates as well as phase volumetric flow rates in a broad gas-volume-fraction (GVF) band. Furthermore, mixture density can be successfully calculated from the flow model and, as a result, the mass flow rates can also be determined. The test data also confirm that the water-cut measurement is not affected by foaming issues and associated density variations. The test results are discussed in detail in the paper. The new flow measurement system offers several advantages. The flowmeter can be installed in any orientation and does not require recalibration. Its nonintrusive and fullbore features mean no permanent pressure loss, and high resilience to erosion and corrosion. The nonnuclear water-cut meter measures water cut in the broad GVF spectrum and is not affected by challenging flow conditions, such as slug flow. Installed inside a wellbore, an optics-based flowmeter can provide reliable flow measurement for the life of that well with no significant drift in signal.