Overview of the U.S. East Coast Bottom Longline Shark Fishery, 1994–2003

The U.S. Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico commercial sharkfisheries have greatly expanded over the last 30 years, yet fishery managers still lack much of the key information required to accurately assess many shark stocks. Fishery observer programs are one tool that can be utilized to acquire this information. The Commercial Shark FisheryObserver Program monitors the U.S. Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico commercial bottom longline (BLL) large coastalshark fishery. Data gathered by observers were summarized for the 10-year period, 1994 to 2003. A total of 1,165 BLL sets were observed aboard 96 vessels, with observers spending a total of 1,509 days at sea. Observers recorded data regarding the fishing gear and methods used, species composition, disposition of the catch, mortality rates, catch per unit of effort (sharks per 10,000 hook hours), andbycatch of this fishery. Fishing practices, species composition, and bycatch varied between regions, while catch rates, mortality rates, and catch disposition variedgreatly between species.