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Left ventricular pacing lead choice based on coronary sinus venous anatomy
Antonio Curnis, R Neri, Giosuè Mascioli, Alfredo Cesario
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Abstract
Biventricular pacing is a new technique that is eliciting great interest in treatment of patients affected by cardiac heart failure. New leads have made it possible to stimulate the left ventricle via collateral branches of the coronary sinus. However, anatomical variations of the coronary sinus could make it very difficult to reach a good position in the coronary sinus and gain a good pacing threshold. The release of new leads has partially solved this problem, but only a complete venogram of coronary sinus could guide the electrophysiologist towards the correct choice of lead.