Prosecutor v. Karadžić and Mladić (Rule 61)

International criminal law — Genocide — Intent — Evidence of intent — Whether intent to destroy group in whole or in part can be inferred from surrounding circumstances — Ethnic cleansing — Conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina — Bosnian Serb leadership — Command responsibility — Crimes against humanity — Requirements — Relationship to war crimes International criminal law — International trials — International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia — Rules of Procedure — Rule 61 — Hearing to confirm indictment — Standards to be applied by Trial Chamber — Failure of States to cooperate with International Tribunal — Issue of international arrest warrant 86 International organizations — United Nations — United Nations forces — Peacekeepers — Protection — Crimes against members of United Nations force — UNPROFOR in Bosnia-Herzegovina — Action of Bosnian Serbs in taking UNPROFOR personnel hostage and using them as “human shields” — Whether a war crime or grave breach of the Geneva Conventions War and armed conflict — Armed conflict — Definition of armed conflict — Distinction between international and internal armed conflicts — Conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina — Whether international — Involvement of other States — War crimes and crimes against humanity — Responsibility of military and political leaders