Traditions, Entrepreneurship, And Creative Governance: A Comparative Case Study of Cultural and Creative Industry and City’s Transformation in Macau and Tallinn

Cultural and creative industry is important drive for the economy, especially in economic crisis and cities’ transformation, which have proven by some great cities like London, New York, Brussels, Toronto and etc. Thus, some governments of the world adopted these concepts to transform their cities expectantly by cultural and creative strategies or city plans, it has heightening the hot spot of cultural and creative industry in public, incubating creative entrepreneurs, and accordingly gradually changing the cities’ traditions where the culture and creative industry stemmed from. This paper selects two cities which are in transforming state with active governance to cultural and creative industry. They are Macau and Tallinn located in Asia and Europe respectively. This research explores the interactive effects of tradition, entrepreneurship, creative governance on evolving cultural and creative industry and transforming city. The paper adopts qualitative and quantitative methods together to collect the data such as governmental statistics analysis, participant observing, in-depth interviewing of different groups, and finally comparatively analyzed the first-hand data with constructive grounded theory. This paper focuses on the four major results. First, entrepreneurship of the city is the key drive for evolving culture and creative industry and transforming a city; second, the pattern of creative governance influences cultivating entrepreneurship for cultural and creative industry; Third, more importantly, transforming the city is closely related to the ability and model of the creative governance imposing on changing the traditions of the city;finally, cultural and creative industry is conducive to build creative milieu in specific area of the city and gradually change the dependence on traditional development path of the city.