Grain and Field Crops

This chapter presents background information related to and general recommendations for irrigation of corn (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum vulgare), barley (Hordeum vulgare), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), and field beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Reference to the irrigation of oats (Avena sativa) is included also, although specific information on which to base recommendations is largely lacking. The chapter emphasizes specific characteristics and peculiarities of these crops and certain irrigation design and management factors which relate to their irrigation. Irrigation of field crops is generally practiced solely for the purpose of improving the plants' moisture environment. Secondary effects sometimes are of importance, as with rice where flooding assists in controlling weeds and causes desirable changes in physiochemical soil reactions. Alteration of soil temperature is a side effect which may be beneficial or detrimental depending on the crop, the season, and the water temperature.