Limit load solution for cracked tubular T-joints loaded in tension

An analytical approach for estimating the limit load of tension-loaded tubular T-joints is derived. The approach is based on a first approximation of an upper bound for a reference structure and the actual structure, and a more accurate value of the limit load for the reference structure. The improved limit load of an actual structure is then determined as a combination of these limit loads. A simple analytical equation for the limit load of the tension-loaded tubular T-joint is obtained and evaluated on the basis of experimental and analytical data. (orig.)