Sire Effect on Fatty Acid Composition of Ovine Adipose Tissue

The fatty acid composition of perirenal adipose tissue from 255 purebred and crossbred sheep was examined to determine the genetic effects of sire on each of five fatty acids. The sheep, all rams, were the progeny of 30 Dorset Horn sires. The animals were grazed on pasture and slaughtered at an average age of 21 months, when their mean carcass weight was 30 kilograms. The fatty acids studied and their mean percentage compositions were: stearic, 38%; oleic, 31%; palmitic, 20%; palmitoleic, 2%, and linoleic, 2%. These amounted to over 90% by weight of the tissue sample fatty acids. In addition, numerical functions were constructed as ratios for two pairs of fatty acids, ratio 1 (palmitoleic to palmitic) and ratio 2 (oleic to stearic), for estimation of the desaturase enzyme activity in the tissue samples studied. A Softness Index, expressed as a ratio between monounsaturated and saturated acids, was also included in the analysis. Significant birth year and maternal breed effects were found for all the traits studied. This was in contrast to the regression on slaughter age, which with two exceptions was not a significant source of variation in the data. The sire effect, based on 27 degrees of freedom, was highly significant or significant for all traits except stearic or linoleic acid and ratio 2. These results are discussed with reference to utilization of genetic variation between sites in selective breeding programs to modify fatty acid composition of ovine adipose tissue.