Colonisation with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes in New Zealand preschool children.

AIM: To describe colonisation patterns of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) among pre-school children in New Zealand. METHOD: Anterior nasal, oropharyngeal, and antecubital fossa swabs were collected from a diverse sample of 139 New Zealand children aged 4 years. Swabs were cultured for S. aureus and S. pyogenes. S. aureus isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. RESULTS: S. aureus colonisation was more prevalent than S. pyogenes colonisation; 54% of the children were colonised with S. aureus whereas only 16% were colonised with S. pyogenes, at one or more sampling sites (P<0.0001). S. aureus was present in a larger proportion of swabs obtained from the anterior nasal (39%, P<0.0001) or oropharynx (32%, P=0.0002) than from the antecubital fossa (14%). S. pyogenes was present in a larger proportion of swabs obtained from the oropharynx (16%) than either the anterior nasal (4%, P=0.001) or the antecubital fossa (2%, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: S. aureus and S. pyogenes are prevalent at superficial sites in preschool children in NZ, with S. aureus colonisation more prevalent than S. pyogenes colonisation. Colonisation frequency varies by site for both pathogens; S. aureus is more prevalent in the anterior nares and oropharynx while S. pyogenes is more prevalent in the oropharynx.