[Integration of extra-nuclear and nuclear estrogen receptor actions].

Estrogen receptors localized to many sites within the cell are giving comprehensive contribution to estrogen functions. In recent years, researches have identified that some estrogen receptors are localized to the plasma membrane, while other estrogen receptors exist in cytoplasm besides nucleus. Cross-talk occurs between extra-nuclear estrogen receptor and nuclear estrogen receptor signalings. The integration of estrogen and its receptor actions from different sites within the cell leads to the rapid and prolonged actions of estrogen, thus they produce important biological functions in the sex organ and other organs.