Полиневропатия критических состояний : причины, диагностика, подходы к лечению и профилактике

The critical condition is a pathological state that emerges in the result of diseases, including iatrogenic one, which requires artificial support of vital functions. The most frequent and severe complication of critical condition is a damage of peripheral nervous system and a polyneuropathy development. Сritical condition polyneuropathy is an acute axonal sensor and motor polyneuropathy with a syndrome of neuromuscular disorders manifested by muscle weakness that occurs in patients who have been in the ICU in critical condition (7 days) on a ventilator support for a long time. The incidence of polyneuropathy is 33,1-52,0 per 100 thousand of people. According to many authors polyneuropathy in patients in critical condition is most often associated with sepsis and multiple organ failure. Also, the development of polyneuropathy was observed after acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute episodes of hypotension and injuries without signs of sepsis and multiple organ failure, after the use of aminoglycosides (gentamicin), corticosteroids, blockers of neuromuscular transmission, which are widely used in intensive care. This review focuses on the etiology, prevention and treatment of polyneuropathy in critical conditions.