Relations with the Malay States, 1867–71

I N Malaya, 1 Sir Andrew Clarke’s impact was immediate and lasting. Before Wolseley’s Kumasi expedition had even reached its objective, Clarke appointed the first British Residents in the Malay States. His action marked a completely new departure in British policy in South-East Asia. The Residents were intended as advisers to the Malay sultans. In subsequent years they became the instruments of British political control in the Malay States. Clarke’s governorship is still regarded as one of the watersheds in Malayan history. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.