Scanning electron microscopic observations of the ependymal cell and the subependymal layer of the third brain ventricle in the rat.

This investigation was undertaken to clarify the three dimensional ultrastructure of the subependymal layer in relation with the ependymal cell layer in rat brain using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The subependymal layer existing below the ependyma of the third ventricle in the brain of mature albino rats was examined with S E M. The hypothalamus freshly excised after median sagittal section was treated by collagenase with or without trypsin for a short while to remove the ependymal cells at the ventricular wall. After the enzymatic pretreatment of the specimen, many ependymal cells were removed and the subependymal layer was partially exposed. Most of the ciliated ependymal cells remaining at the ventricular wall extended long, single basal processes which then penetrated into the subependymal layer. The subependymal layer was composed of a delicate framework of thin processes of glial cells, ependymal cells and, in addition nerve cells. Scattered among the neuropil just beneath the ependymal cell layer, there were relatively small, globular subependymal cells. Occasionally, there were large bundles of unmyelinated nerve fibres in the subependymal layer. The individual nerve fibres distinctly showed many axonal varicosities within the fibres. Intermingled with the nerve fibres, glial processes of various forms were present. The structure of the ependymal cells and the subependymal layer was compared with the findings already reported in the studies using light and transmission electron microscope.