[Current views on the pathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis].

In recent years a rising interest has developed among the authors studying the problems of pathogenesis and treatment of chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema in the factors responsible for the immune equilibrium of the respiratory system. In particular, the correlation has been stressed between the levels of inflammation mediators and the activity of proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors in lung tissue. Most studies seem to confirm the validity of the elastase-antielastase concept. Among the environmental factors directly responsible for the development of these diseases tobacco smoke and other irritant fumes (SO2NO2) are mentioned. This concept had been the foundation for trials of therapeutic use of inhibitors of elastolytic enzymes.