Visual Field Defect in Primary Empty Sella Syndrome

Introduction Empty sella occurs as a result of a deficient diaphragma sellae, with subarachnoid space protruding into the cavity of sella tursica. Pituitary gland is flattened and distorted against the sella floor and walls. The sella is usually enlarged, but this feature is not always present. The term cprimary empty sellae is used when anomaly occurs in patients who never had surgery radiation on pituitary or Para pituitary tumor1. The diagnosis of empty sella is radiographically made when the sella tursica is seen to be enlarged or deformed that is partially or completely filled with cerebrospinal fluid2. Most patients with primary empty sella are asymptomatic and incidentally detected. The presence of empty sella was found in 5 percent of normal subjects on autopsy studies3. Typically primary empty sella syndrome occurs in obese, multiparous women, ranging in age from 27 to 72 years, with a mean age of 49 years old. Empty sella Aas been associated with hypertension, pseudotumor cerebri, hypopituitarism, spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea, visual field defects, diminished visual acuity and headache4.