[Surgical therapy of pleural empyema].

In the period from January 1976 to December 1986, 31 (56.3%) out of 55 patients with pleural empyema were treated, after failure of conservative treatment with antibiotic drugs, pleural puncture and tube drainage. Twenty-two patients were submitted to a posterolateral thoracotomy with debridement in the early stage or decortication in the later stage of empyema thoracis. There was no relapse of empyema in this group, but 7 patients suffered from air leakage for 7 to 19 days (mean 12 days). One patient needed rethoracotomy after debridement for continuous bleeding. Nine patients were treated in a first step with limited thoracotomy in local anaesthesia with or without costotomy. There were 5 relapses of empyema in this group. The average time of hospitalization was for the debrided cases 13.6 days and for the decortication group 19.6 days. The conservatively treated group remained during 39.5 days in the hospital.