Ma Junwu's Educational Thoughts of Changing Chinese Nationality and its Practice

As one of the well-known scholars,political activists and educators in modern and contemporary China,Ma Junwu devoted himself the trends and thoughts of changing nationality which emerged in China in the early 20th century.Unlike those thinkers who paid more attention the education rather than intelligence education,Ma emphasized equally the importance of moral,intelligence and physical education in changing nationality,and integrated his democratic thought,scientific knowledge and administrative experience with practice.Based on the above,he advocated to create a wholly new nation through learning from the world.In educational practice,he had a full consideration the needs of Chinese reality,and borrowed ideology about higher education from European countries with great creativity,thus forming his peculiar thoughts concerning the changing of Chinese nationality.After having made a deep scrutiny into the conditions of Sino-west relation and the development of world history from the perspective of human civilization,he claimed that democracy and science should be used change the nationality and enhance the national spirits.He advocated pushing forward public moral education so that citizens of high morality could be nurtured.Meanwhile,he put the physical labor and mental labor in the same important position,emphasizing the necessity of labor education.In view of the vital role economy plays in the national recovery,he adopted a pragmatist educational policy,which values production and labor education,students' practical ability training,and the cultivation of intellectuals with modern mind and service sense.