The Operation of Mass Organization and the Pattern of Literary Schools′Mutual Condition in China′s New Literature

The development of modern Chinese literature is closely related to the different literary schools′ mutual condition. This plural mutual condition has resulted in a pattern of high- starting- point operation. When the old traditional literature, as a powerful mainstream culture, occupied the center of social culture, the new literature had to form schools with modern content and rebellious spirit to demonstrate its request for restricting and conditioning the old and its desire for itself- development. As a result, the formation of New Youths Society, Juvenile China Society, and New Trends Society was of new significance. When new literature won a decisive victory over the old literature and the popular literature and occupied the cultural center of the times, the new culture possessed a dominant utterance hegemony, pushed by the current of the time and the tide of the world. The traditional culture, which had been deeply rooted but now marginalized, could only voice its revolt by forming and relying on certain literary schools. It is just in this sense that such schools were of certain value as Jiayin School, Xueheng (Academic Balance) School, and (Striving) Society, which was criticized extensively by the new culturists due to its promotion of sorting out our national heritage , and Yuanyanghudie (Mandarin Ducks- and Butterflies) School, which objectively exercised restraint and condition of a school- related nature towards the new culture in a special respect. Jiayinn s curbing of Chinese characters′ Latinization, Xueheng School′ s proposition of taking both the vernacular and classical Chinese as the elements of value in building a modern culture and the possible value given by Yuanyanghudie School in the marketization of literature should all be given a justified evaluation .At the same time, within the new literary circles there occurred a situation in which the various schools encouraged and restrained each other, and only in this way could the enrichment and prosperity of literature be secured. And all this could be operated successfully only by drawing support from certain literary organizations and groups of men of letters rather than by the single- handed efforts of individual people.