Review of Soil and Water Loss and Its Impact

Each year, about 75 billion tons of soil are eroded from the world's terrestrial ecosystems. Because soil is formed very slowly, this means that soil is being lost 13～40 times faster than the rate of renewal and sustainability. Rain and wind energy are the two prime causes of erosion from tilled or bare land. Erosion occurs when the soil lacks protective vegetative cover. Soil erosion reduces the productivity of the land by loss of water, soil organic matter, nutrients and depth of soil. The greatest threat to providing food for a rapidly growing human population is soil erosion.