The problem of opium in modern Shanxi

The plague of opium can be seen in two stages in modem Shanxi: the sprouting period before the Opium Wai and the wildly spreading period afterwards. In view of the malpractice, at that time, the governors made great offorts to ban opium - smoking and Planting. They won initial success and laid a foundation, to a certain extent, for the banning of opium at the end of the Qing Dynasty.