Effects of Phosphorus Application Rate on the Yield and Quality of Medium-gluten Wheat at Different Soil Fertility Levels

[Objective] The aim of the research was to provide theoretical basis for accurate fertilization of wheat with good quality and high yield in the southern region of Huaihe River. [Method] With medium-gluten wheat variety Yangmai 11 as materials, the effects of phosphorus application rate on the yield and quality of wheat at different soil fertility level levels were studied. [Result] The grain yield of wheat in the field with low soil fertility was increased with the increment of phosphorus application rate and the yield at the phosphorus application rate of 90.0 kg/hm2 was highest, being 6 763.5 kg/hm2. The yield of wheat in the field with the medium-high fertility and phosphorus application rate showed the relationship of quadratic curve and both of them at the phosphorus application rate of 60.0 kg/hm2 were highest. 1 000-grain weight in the field with the same soil fertility was decreased with the increment of phosphorus application amount. While 1 000-grain weight in the field with different soil fertility showed highest (45.1 g) in the field with low soil fertility and lowest(42.1 g)in the field with high soil fertility. When the phosphorus application rate was 90.0 kg/hm2 in the field with low soil fertility and 60.0 kg/hm2 in the field with medium-high soil fertility, each quality index of Yangmai 11 all reached the good-quality standards and accorded with the requirements of high yield and good quality for high-quality medium-gluten wheat. [Conclusion] Under the conditions of suitable phosphorus application amount, the application rate of phosphorus fertilizer had greater effects on the yield of wheat and smaller effects on the quality. When phosphorus application rate was 90.0 kg/hm2 in the field with low soil fertility and 60 kg/hm2 in the field with medium-high soil fertility, the yield of wheat was higher and the quality was better.