The Failure of New-Confucian Political Practice and the Rise of Qing Confucian School

The failure of New-Confucian political practice turned Zhu Xi's idealized world paradigm into an illusion.The following pessimistic atmosphere caused the transformation of intellectual trend from metaphysics to textual research,which may explain the rise of Qing Confucian School.In a sharp contrast with the Confucians of Song and Ming dynasties,scholars of Qing totally lost the belief and enthusiasm to create an idealized society of heavenly principle.Traditional studies only shed light on the transformation of academic focus and research method,whereupon the other side of Confucianism as a sincere political movement is neglected.