Paracrine effects of mesenchymal stem cells in transplantation therapy

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have emerged as an attractive therapeutic tool for cell transplantation and tissue engineering.However,the mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects have not been clearly defined.MSCs naturally produce a variety of cytokines and growth factors,which are capable of promoting the survival of surrounding cells,called as paracrine effects.MSCs transplantation may exert their therapeutic effects through paracrine actions such as immunological regulation,mitogenic,anti-apoptotic,and angiogenic effects.